第 47 课
听：hear, listen to
1. hear 表示“听到”,强调结果；listen 意为
“听，倾听”,强调动作。如要接宾语，listen 后要加 to。
① I heard some people passing in the street.
我听到有人从街上经过。
② I listened to you carefully, but I couldn't hear what you were saying.
我认真地听了，但听不到你在说什么。
2. 当谈及“听过”音乐演出、广播、谈话、讲座等时，应用 hear。
Did you hear Jack's talk on Tuesday?
你听杰克在星期二的讲座了吗?
附近：near, nearby
1. (1) near 可以用作介词（后不加 to），用于场所、时间、年龄、程度等。
① He lives near the station.
他住在车站附近。
② It is near four o'clock.
快四点了。
(2) 在不涉及实际的(地理上的)距离时，near 要与 to 连用。
I could see that she was very near to tears.
我能看出她几乎要哭了出来。
(3) near 也可用作副词，还可用作形容词。
① They live quite near.
他们住得非常近。
② He will move to England in the near future.
他在不久的将来会搬去英格兰。
2. nearby(或写作 near by)用作副词，意为“在附近，在手边”，还可作介词用，意为“在……的附近”。
① He lives nearby—less than two blocks from here.
他住在附近——离这儿不到两个街区。
② They are going to build a new factory nearby the school.
他们要在学校附近建一个新工厂。
说：say, speak, talk, tell
1. say 表示“说，说到”侧重所说的内容，不接表示人的宾语。
Stop！You've said more than enough.
住嘴！你已经说得太多了。
2. speak 表示“说,讲话，谈”，侧重于“说话”的动作，而不是内容；还可表示“讲话”这种人类所独具的能力。与某人讲话，即便是对话，也通常用 speak(也可用 talk) to(美国人多用 with)sb.
A: Hello. This is Roger.
你好。我是罗杰。
B: Can I speak to/with Amy, please?
我可以与艾米通话吗?
3. speak 与 talk 没有明显的区别。一般说来，speak 更正式一些，而 talk 则更随便，有时两者可换用，有时则要遵循习惯表达。
① Can I talk/speak to you for a few minutes about the football match?
关于这场足球赛的事，我能与你谈几分钟吗?
② Can the baby talk yet?
这个婴儿会说话了吗? (不用 speak)
③ Man is the only animal that speaks.
人类是唯一能说话的动物。(不用 talk)
4. (1) tell 意思是“讲述,告诉”，通常接人作宾语。在一些用语中可以省去间接宾语(人)，如 to tell (sb.) a lie，to tell (sb.) the truth，to tell (sb.) a story 等
① She told me that she would go abroad the next week.
她告诉我她将于下周出国。
② He's seven years old and he still can't tell the time.
他已 7 岁了，还不会看钟表。
(2)“tell+宾语(人) 不定式”表示“命令，指示，劝告”等。
Tell them to shut up.
告诉他们闭上嘴。
长难单词音形结合记忆 3 步法：
单词：prosperous 繁荣昌盛 adj.
拆分：pro-spe-rous
拼读：/ˈprɒ-spə-rəs /
单词：protection 保护 n.
拆分：pro-tec-tion
拼读：/prə-'tek-ʃən/
单词：psychology 心理，心理学 n.
拆分：psy-cho-lo-gy
拼读：/saɪ-'kɒ-lə-dʒɪ/
